Hydraulics¶
been enhaced to make it more evident all calculations based on altimetric elevation and hydraulic energy. So, the slopes of the pathways appear very steep, much more than the reality found walking on the ground.
here is a pdf file pdf
What the software does¶
The software tackles two distinct kinds of hydraulic problems:
the hydraulic design problem - given the required water flow, find the pipes that will provide such water at the minimum cost
the hydraulic check problem - given the pipes, find the water flows and perform a control to see whether the working conditions do not exceed the rated limits of the installed hydraulic hardware.
Gravity¶
The physical system¶
General concepts¶
The equations that model the system¶
the continuity of water flows.
the continuity of hydraulic energy.
there is a spring
from th spring the pipeline goes to a junction where the pipe branches in two
the two branches go to Tank1 and Tank2 respectively.
the conservation of water flows
the energy difference in each of the 3 branches is the hydraulic friction in the pipes
We start with the conservation of flows:
Next comes the conservation of energy:
\(L_1\) would be 600 \(D_1\) would be the internal diameter of a 2 inches pipe \(L_2\) would be 600 \(D_2\) would be the internal diameter of a 2 inches pipe
In the ‘hydraulic design problem’ the unknowns are: \(Q_{Spring\rightarrow{Tee}}\) \(Q_{Tee\rightarrow{Tank1}}\) \(Q_{Tee\rightarrow{Tank2}}\) The known data are all the other symbols. Therefore we have 4 equations and 4 unknowns and the system can be solved.
Check¶
Design¶
algorithms_gravity_design
how this translates in an algorithm.Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
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Borehole’s station¶
I link with the module gravity
now i link with the class GravityDesign
and even the method solve_hydraulic_design_problem()
I want to refer to the equations (system_of_equations) and to the algorithm (the_algorithm)
We now move to the second typology of rural water supply system: a small pumping station that connects a borehole, with a water reservoir which is far from the borehole and usually at higher that that of the site where the borehole is located.
We deal with two kinds of borehole stations: with and without electric power. The reason is because this software is dedicated to rural solutions and, as such, it must consider the case where electric power is not available.
Remark: with ‘not available’ here we mean an arrangement that works entirely *without electric power. With ‘electricless’ we mean a solution that is not *making use of electric power because it is preferred to have a rural plant
Where electric current is not available, it can nonetheless be produced by an electric generator set.
However, when we speak of ‘electricless’ pumping station, we mean that the presence of electric power is intentionally avoided (and so it is avoided to use an electric generator) despite it can always be generated even in remote area by a generating set. The logic is that electric power is both a difficult subject and it introduces complexity in the hardware and the need for spare parts.
The key point is that electric power might be tricky in a rural context. Knowledge about how to run the maintenance of an electric pumping station is hard and could be not available locally; perhaps the spare parts could be difficult to find on the local market. For these reasons, this software allows you to design a pumping station composed of electricity-free parts, and more precisely: a diesel engine with manual start, that drives directly a pump, with no need of electric motor in the pump (since it is driven directly by the engine through a system of belts and pulleys) nor of electric start in the diesel engine itself (which is indeed started manually with a handle keyed on the crankshaft). Readers who have experience in humanitarian water supply interventions in rural areas of the world will recognise in this ‘electricless’ station the arrangement with a Listeroid diesel engine and a monopump. We provide more information about such equipment in these pages: LINK engine and LINK pump.
the ‘electric’ arrangement, where we may use electric power.
IMPORTANT: this a work in progress so the sections below are now kept as stubs for future implementation.
Electric Station¶
Check problem¶
Design problem¶
Will it be preferable to adopt small bore feeders (and therefore limit the cost of pipes) and consequently have a high hydraulic energy to overcome (and therefore install more expensive pumps) or adopt the opposite solution (larger pipes and smaller pumps)?